02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Tile Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London

Summary

June awakens London’s hidden perfumes—from meadowsweet’s honeyed vanilla to the surprising whiff of foxes from night-blooming orchids. Discover why medieval churches scattered rushes, how woundwort treated scythe injuries, and which plants smell of pineapple, cloves, or even sweat. Return on 02 June to explore the city’s fragrant secrets, from Lambeth’s lost meadows to gardens drenched in midnight jasmine.

Article

Scents

This is the month in the past when sweet-smelling rushes were replaced in churches, where they were often arranged in patterns on the floor. Meadowsweet was a medieval favourite, releasing the pleasant smell of dried grass mixed with oil of wintergreen. The smell of cut grass is inextricably linked with high summer and imparts a feeling of well-being to many. Fortunately, it intensifies as the grass dries allowing gardeners, picnickers and park users to enjoy it all the more.

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

Wild flowers continue to be a rich source of new scents e.g. musk mallow Malva moschata and musk thistle Carduus nutans unsurprisingly have a smell of musk. Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis smells of almonds and sweet flag leaves Acorus calamus of tangerine. Downland is a preferred habitat for Londoners to have their picnics at this time of year. Common downland plants now producing their scents include squinancywort Asperula cynanchica (vanilla), crosswort Galium cruciata (honey), guelder rose Viburnum opulus (moss), salad burnet Sanguisorba minor (cucumber) and common agrimony Agrimonia eupatoria (apricots).

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

Fragrant agrimony A. odorata is taller, much rarer and has a resinous smell like walnut leaves. At the edges of fields scented mayweed Matricaria recutita is common in Outer London. This has a pleasant smell without being bruised and a commercial oil of chamomile is made from its leaves. In similar situations pineappleweed M. matricarioides produces its own pungent smell of pineapple. Stinking mayweed Anthemis cotula is rarer. It has a rancid smell and can even cause blistering when handled.

Sometimes it is the root that smells e.g. herb Bennet Geum urbanum of cloves, and valerian Valeriana officinalis of perspiration. In other plants it is primarily the leaf that carries the scent e.g. mullein leaves often give off a fruity odour and woundwort leaves have a disagreeable musty, pungent smell. Mixed with ‘hog’s grease’ the latter were thought to be a good treatment for scythe wounds. Gerard recorded it in the “meadows of Lambeth”. Although his meadows are long gone, the plant can still be found in the area.

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

Balmy days in summer are a good time to look for scents in garden centres that have labelled plants. In gardens, heavyweights such as jasmine and honeysuckle are joined by sweet peas and new roses. Others include the foxtail lily Fritillaria imperialis (foxes), Helichrysum angustifolium (curry), Gaultheria (wintergreen), Nepeta (mint and resin), Dictamnus (citron and balsam) and Dianthus (clove). It is worth noting in some cases it may only be one particular species or variety that carries the scent.

Trees also have their own particular collection of scents, some of which are equally unusual e.g. Northofagus (pumpkin pie). Eucalyptus and magnolia flowers are always worth investigating e.g. Eucalyptus citriodora (lemon soap), E. coccifera (peppermint) and there is even a magnolia that smells of banana (Magnolia figo).

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

When night comes, different garden plants start emitting their perfumes to attract moths e.g. jasmine, honeysuckle, Nicotiana and Brugmansia. Sometimes these scents in June are so powerful they can drench the night air. On one or two of the few remnants of good downland left near London, the pyramid orchid may still be found. This smells of cloves during the day and of foxes by night. Motherwort Leonurus cardiaca has a sweet, minty smell for some but is much more pungent to others. It used to be used to ease the pains of childbirth. Culpepper says there is no better herb to ‘drive away melancholy, vapours from the heart and make the mind merry’. It can still be found around London as a relic of its previous cultivation.

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

More unpleasant odours at this time are to be found in hemlock Conium maculatum (mice), feverfew Tanacetum parthenium (camphor) and perforated St John’s wort Hypericum perforatum (wet fur). Day lilies Hemerocallis and black horehound Ballota nigra subsp. foetida both have rancid smells which can be quite difficult to remove from your hands.

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

Colours

London is predominantly green in June. It is not the vibrant green of spring nor the dusky green of late summer. With all the trees, shrubs and herbs now fully unfurled it is a true lincoln or leaf green. Trees are now largely a uniform colour compared with a few weeks ago when there was considerable variation. Larch trees which started an emerald green are already turning jade. In gardens it is quite different. Due to extensive plant breeding, a whole host of vivid colours are to be seen. Rose gardens excel in all shades of red along with many other different colours. Although not vivid, there are innumerable spots of colour to be seen across the landscape due to huge numbers of wild flowers. Some wild species with more unusual colours include the deep burgundy flowers of figworts, the vermillion and electric blue forms of scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis, the sinister purple of deadly nightshade Atropa belladonna and the almost shocking pink of sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia. The very first hint of autumn colour is starting to show in some docks Rumex spp. whose leaves are starting to turn a vivid scarlet.

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

The sound spectrum of June is quite different from the preceding two months. Bird song is now rapidly declining, with the exception of the pleading calls of fledglings which are becoming more and more noticeable. Short warning notes from parents are also very common. Woods are generally quieter, although there are regular bursts from blackcaps and chiffchaffs in mixed woods. Trees themselves produce a variety of different sounds on windy days. Hornbeams are said to sound like rain, whereas limes and poplars rustle and some grasses seem to whisper. Many of the short, surprising sounds of June are between parents and their young e.g. deer.

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

Towards the end of the month the high pitched stridulations of grasshoppers are starting to get noticed. These are sometimes sufficiently high pitched they can only be heard by a small number of Londoners. The same is true for the high squeaks of some bats. The most reassuring sound that tells us it is midsummer is from the screaming parties of overhead swifts which can in good breeding years be heard all over the capital, even its heart.

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image

02-June June’s Secret Scents of London Section Image